GCL System Integration has achieved a major breakthrough in its GTC perovskite tandem solar cell technology, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 33.31% certified by the National Photovoltaic Testing Center ( CPVT ) . This research achievement was announced at the " 2025 China-Europe Clean Energy and Green Sustainable Development Exchange Activity" hosted by the China Science and Technology Exchange Center and the China Productivity Promotion Center Association on December 8th . Against the backdrop of accelerated global energy transition and fierce competition in the photovoltaic industry, this breakthrough injects strong momentum into the industry's technological iteration and cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

If the core theme of the photovoltaic industry over the past decade was "cost reduction," then the next decade will clearly shift entirely to "efficiency improvement." In particular, with the efficiency of crystalline silicon single-junction cells approaching its theoretical limit of 29.4% , perovskite - crystalline silicon tandem technology is currently the only known path to scalably break through the 30% or even 35% efficiency barrier, with a theoretical limit as high as 45% . It has an overwhelming advantage over crystalline silicon cells in photoelectric conversion efficiency and has become a "must-have" for leading companies to maintain their technological leadership .

Currently, although more and more photovoltaic companies are starting to develop perovskite tandem solar cell technology, there are significant differences in conversion efficiency among them. Technology with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of over 33% is hailed as the "crown jewel" of global photovoltaic R&D , and only a very few companies with top-tier R&D capabilities possess this ability ; GCL System Integration is one of them.

Supporting this breakthrough are three core technological advancements by GCL System Integration:

• Through submicron-level surface optimization of crystalline silicon and ultrathin polycrystalline silicon technology, spectral utilization efficiency is significantly improved.
• By employing a " cation mixing " strategy and precise iodine-bromine ratio control , current synergy optimization is achieved.
• By superimposing advanced interface technologies such as multi-site passivation, grain boundaries are stabilized, and the photoelectric conversion potential of tandem solar cells is fully unleashed.

Behind these breakthroughs lies GCL System Integration's unremitting efforts and profound technological accumulation in the research and development of perovskite stacked technology, adhering to the principle of "long-termism".

It is understood that, to overcome the challenge of uneven film thickness in large-area coatings, GCL System Integration's process team completed hundreds of rounds of DoE experiments within six months, clarifying the interaction relationships of thousands of parameters and expanding the process window by three times. The materials team systematically evaluated dozens of organic, inorganic, and composite formulations, overcoming key material challenges. To date, GCL System Integration has built a complete patent system covering underlying device structures, key interface materials, core processes, and testing standards. Furthermore, it has spearheaded the development of a BC perovskite tandem solar cell testing protocol, filling a global industry gap and gaining technological control from the source.

Previously, industry experts mentioned that upgrading BC batteries to perovskite stacked cells requires a relatively special 3T structure, which is quite difficult to manufacture. However, for GCL, which is simultaneously pursuing multiple technology routes, these are merely engineering issues, not technological bottlenecks. Technical experts stated that the 3T structure is a "differentiated path" recognized by GCL. It decouples the top and bottom cells by using one electrode on the front and two electrodes on the back, perfectly solving the current matching problem of 2T . At the same time, the BOS cost is much lower than that of 4T , which can balance performance, cost, and mass production feasibility. It can be called the smartest commercialization path and has a clear advantage in LCOE .

Amidst intensifying industry competition and a complex and volatile international trade environment, competition among photovoltaic (PV) companies has shifted from a battle of production capacity to a contest of core technological capabilities. GCL System Integration Technology Co., Ltd. (GCL System Integration) clearly outlined its next goal: to achieve a further 3% increase in efficiency by 2026 , building upon its already high efficiency achieved in 2025. Furthermore, the company's TOPCon2.0 mass production efficiency has exceeded 26.4% , and GPC2.0 efficiency has surpassed 27.3% , with continuous reductions in non-silicon costs during mass production. These figures not only demonstrate the company's technological confidence but also reflect the core logic of "technology-driven cost reduction" in the PV industry. As perovskite tandem technology matures, its mass production will further compress PV power generation costs. Companies that achieve technological breakthroughs first are expected to gain a first-mover advantage in future market competition and reshape the industry's competitive landscape.

Photovoltaic cell technology is far from reaching its "ceiling." In the era of energy revolution and industrial upgrading, technology leaders such as GCL System Integration are driving the photovoltaic industry to transform from "scale competition" to "value competition" through continuous R&D investment and innovative breakthroughs, providing Chinese strength for the sustainable development of global clean energy.